GUY’S GOTTA TALK ABOUT…DIABETES #6, Part 1: How My Blood Sugar Tester (aka Glucometer) Works and WHY IT’S IMPORTANT

For the first times since I started this column eleven years ago, it’s going to be about me. I was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes two weeks ago. While people are happy to talk about their experiences with diabetes, I WASN’T comfortable with talking about diabetes. My wife is Type 2, as are several friends of ours. The “other Type” of diabetes was what caused the death of my Best Man a year after my wife and I got married. He was diagnosed with diabetes when he was a kid. It was called Juvenile Diabetes then. Today it’s Type 1. Since then, I haven’t WANTED to talk about diabetes at all. But…for my own education and maybe helping someone else, and not one to shut up for any known reason, I’m reopening my blog rather than starting a new one. I MAY take a pause and write about Breast Cancer or Alzheimer’s as medical headlines dictate; but this time I’m going to drag anyone along who wants to join my HIGHLY RELUCTANT journey toward better understanding of my life with Type 2 Diabetes. You’re Welcome to join me!

So, after I started using my blood tester (aka from now on, glucometer) on October 15, 2022; I’m finally starting to understand how it works!

For starters, while your glucometer may LOOK different from mine, they all work on the same principle – using some magical crap inside a plastic box and after sucking a gazillionth of an ounce of blood from my finger, it pops out with a number that’s SUPPOSED to be significant…they can be EXPENSIVE. The cheapest one at my corner CVS is $9.99; the one I got from my clinic/insurance carrier is $109.99. Test strips packs there range from

You absolutely CAN buy one without a prescription from several sources, including your corner drugstore (based on the article referenced below for the TOP FIVE recommended by Forbes: GLUCOMETER: $27.44 (range of $15-$50); TEST STRIPS: $0.31 (range of $0.23-$0.38), though they ranged all the way up to$2.20/strip. MY glucometer’s test strips without insurance, over-the-counter? $1.32/strip

THE HECK!?!?!?!??!

They’re tiny pieces of plastic with a TEENY trough that sucks up an EENSY-WEENSY bit of a blood drop…WTchocolateFudge???

It’s all in how they’re made – and there appear to be several types, but ALL OF THEM do the same thing. I’ll break it down into clear steps:

1) After you prick your finger, you touch the blob of blood to what appears to be a tiny stripe on the end of the test strip (sometimes vertical, sometimes horizontal, depends on the brand).

2) The strip sucks it up because of something called “capillary action” – the stripe is actually a tiny, tiny, rectangular tube. The pressure from the drop of blood forces the blood into the tube. A microscopically small hole on the far end releases the air but is too small to leak blood.

3) Glucose (what your body turns ALL carbs and ALL different sugars into) reacts with glucose oxidase (an enzyme that's found in the tube).

4) The glucose oxidase breaks down the glucose making a new chemical called gluconic acid. [ACIDS can pass electricity. Pure water can, too, because it’s a super WEAK acid. So the pH of gluconic acid is around 4.5. You stomach makes a strong acid which is about pH of 2.5 (the SMALLER the number, the more acidic something is!); old-fashioned car batteries are filled with lead plates and the HIGHLY CORROSIVE sulfuric acid which has a pH of -.7!!!] Anyway, because it’s an acid, electricity can go through it. The more glucose there is in your blood, the more gluconic acid there is, so, the bigger the electrical current produced will be.

5) The glucose meter "reads" this current that correlates with expected numbers that indicate a good glucose level or one that indicates (as in myself) that there is too MUCH glucose in the blood and that the insulin that is in the blood isn’t transporting it to store it mainly in the liver as glycogen. The more gluconic acid, the bigger the current. It then figures out the measurement of glucose in the blood in a two to three digit number. Since I started in October, my lowers was 143, my highest was 229 in January

I get why the whole thing is so expensive…it’s a pretty complicated and impressive job for one tiny little strip, isn't it?

In two weeks, "WHY is blood sugar important?"

Resource Data: https://www.forbes.com/health/body/best-glucose-meters/

Image: https://www.hcd.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/living-well-with-diabetes.jpg; One Touch Verio Test Strip: https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcShHtmHsdoaRg877fv-9VN4tmZwWUqQY9BavQ&usqp=CAU

DIABETES RESEARCH RIGHT NOW! #3: DIABETES RESEARCH RIGHT NOW! Today – DELAY the Onset of Type 1; Tomorrow...

From the first moment I discovered I had been diagnosed with DIABETES, I joined a HUGE “club” that has been rapidly expanding since t stopped being a death sentence in the early 20th Century. Currently, there are about HALF A BILLION PEOPLE who have Type 2 Diabetes. For the past 3500 years – dating back to Ancient Egypt – people have suffered from diabetes. Well, I’m one of them now… Not one to shut up for any known reason, I added a section to this blog…

Every month, I’ll be highlighting Diabetes research that is going on RIGHT NOW! Harvested from different websites, journals and podcasts, I’ll translate them into understandable English and share them with you. Today: A new drug helps delay the onset of full-scale Type 1 Diabetes by as much as two years…

“Until now, the only real therapy for patients has been a lifetime of insulin replacement. This new therapy targets and helps to halt the autoimmune process that leads to the loss of insulin.” MARK S. ANDERSON, MD, PHD; Director of the University of California – San Francisco Diabetes Center

Last November, the FDA approved the use of a new drug brand named, Teplizumab that has prevented the onset Type 1 diabetes in a unique way.

Rather than frantically trying to replace insulin, this new drug actually targets the CAUSE of Type 1 diabetes – the death of the cells in the pancreas that MAKE insulin.

When I was diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes – and blaming myself for being a big, fat blob, and if I only…Naturally, I started to think about a very old friend of mine, who passed away a little over a year after he was Best Man in my wedding.

He’d been struggling with – and ignoring his Type 1 diabetes (then called Juvenile Onset Diabetes) for years. Ignoring it was what eventually led to his death as he refused to act like there was every reason he could live to a ripe old age – for the sake of his two kids (at the time, one of them unborn!)

He felt crippled by the disease; he felt cheated because, based on the medical knowledge of his condition in the late 1980s, and despite the fact that in 1974, two teams showed that insulin-dependent diabetes is associated with the development of antibodies directed against insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas – the kind of diabetes once known as Juvenile Onset diabetes was an autoimmune disease.

In this third decade of the 21st Century, we know quite a bit more than we did then. We now know that besides the islet cell antibodies, that were associated with T1D there are four other antibodies connected with the disease.

The number of these five antibodies in total is what causes T1D, and the presence of some of them MIGHT be a cause of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). The antibodies?

ICA: Islet Cell Autoantibodies (the cells in the pancreas that actually MAKE insulin are called the “Islets of Langerhans”), the body reacting against them, destroying them, is what causes T1D. Besides ICA are the following:

IAA: Insulin Auto-Antibodies
GAA/GAD: Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase
IA2/ICA512: Insulin Auto-Antibody 2, and Insulin C-peptide Antibody512

These have all been identified in patients newly diagnosed with T1D.

Why does knowing this make any difference at all?

Researchers also found out that it’s not JUST the antibodies themselves. It’s HOW MANY types the patient has. They think that once they know what’s there, they can better predict the progression to insulin-dependent diabetes (where you have to inject yourself with daily insulin).

The “red letter day” for the new drug, now called Teplizumab, was a “…trial that showed that a single 14-day dose delayed the onset of type 1 diabetes in children and adults by an average of two years in pre-symptomatic patients.”

AMAZING!!!! If only my friend had lived to today.

Does this have any ramifications to my own T2D? Count on me doing a bit research – and even finding out if T2D is an autoimmune response and if this might work for us…

Link: https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2022/12/424496/ucsf-research-crucial-approval-breakthrough-diabetes-therapy#:~:text=The%20FDA's%20approval%20of%20Teplizumab,a%20lifetime%20of%20insulin%20replacement. , https://www.jdrf.org/blog/2020/12/09/aha-autoimmune-disease/#:~:text=It%20was%20all%20diabetes.,beta%20cells%20in%20the%20pancreas.&text=This%20was%20instrumental%20in%20establishing,T1D)%20as%20an%20autoimmune%20disease. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18176860/#:~:text=The%20first%20antibodies%20described%20in,ICA512)%20have%20all%20been%20defined.

Image: https://asploro.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Diabetes-Research_Open-Access.jpg