In order to give more
variety, I’m going to repost “old” posts in order of popularity or the number
of times people looked at a particular post. I’m also going to pick my
favorites or ones that continue to be an issue or continue to make me thing. I
hope you enjoy these – or find them as useful as I did when I wrote them!
Doctors harp on
exercise.
Despite the
harping – or in my case, perversely because
of it – I avoid exercise like the plague.
Even so, as I
read more and more sites promoting the “exercise makes you better if you have
breast cancer” meme, I found that almost none of them give any kind of evidence
as to WHY exercise fights cancer and promotes healing.
So I dug into
the sites and finally found some evidence supporting this wild, “Do this one
weird thing…” kind of meme. This week, it’s number:
1) Increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory factors have been linked with increased cancer risk. Physical activity might reduce systemic inflammation alone or in combination with reduction in body weight or composition through reducing inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue.
What are pro and anti-inflammatory factors...
Let’s start with CYTOKINES and let me warn you, even researchers are still a bit fuzzy about these molecules, which explains the “might” in the paragraph above. We’ll take this subject as a “details at 11” kind of thing – it’s changing every day, but TODAY and to the best of our knowledge, we can say that we’re pretty sure that cytokines are small molecules that are given off by numerous cells and are used to communicate with each other. Cytokines are a large and diverse family of molecules with many jobs. One thing we are pretty sure they do to control the immune system – that collection of white blood cells and chemicals that spring to work when you’re hurt or sick and the body has to fight off an infection. The line between cytokines and hormones is also pretty blurry but PROBABLY, cytokines come from lots of places and there are only set amounts in the blood – though that amount can leap up during trauma or infection. Hormone levels are steady. Many cells produce cytokines. Most hormones come from specific glands (adrenal, pancreas, etc). Also, while usually specific, some cytokines act like hormones to have an effect on the entire body. Last of all, some cytokines act outside the immune system and affect the development of the human body.
As to breast cancer, at least one cytokine affects both the presence of and severity of breast cancer:
“In a study published in the January 15th issue of Cancer Research…researchers showed that activation of the CXCR4 [cytokine] receptors [on the cancer cells] resulted in increased tumor growth and metastasis…and less dependent on estrogen for continued growth…to become metastatic and resistant to endocrine therapy…[in] A second study published in the current issue of Surgery…authors reported that all benign breast tissues had no detectable CXCR4 levels, whereas all 101 breast cancer patients showed at least some level of this cytokine receptor. Of these breast cancer patients, 79 had low levels of CXCR4 and 22 had high levels of CXCR4. These high CXCR4 levels were linked with increased breast cancer recurrence and worse chances of survival…overexpression of CXCR4 cytokine receptors is linked to worse breast cancer outcomes…blocking this pathway might become a valuable breast cancer treatment for patients overexpressing this cytokine receptor.”
The big “might” up above has given breast cancer, cytokines and exercise a high level of interest. The third reference below cites a study that, as of my referencing of it, was still recruiting participants.
So – I’m going to label THIS particular aspect of exercise and breast cancer as a big MAYBE, LET’S WAIT AND SEE. So don’t go spreading the word that exercise reduces cytokines and decreases breast cancer.
Nobody knows enough yet to say one way or the other.
Resources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine, http://breastcancerfightnowbydraarontabor.blogspot.com/2011/01/cytokine-receptor-cxcr4-worsens-breast.html, http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00851812
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