Saturday, April 1, 2017

ENCORE #59! – What The Heck Does “Metastasize” MEAN?

From the first moment my wife discovered she had breast cancer, there was a deafening silence from the men I know. Even ones whose wives, mothers or girlfriends had breast cancer seemed to have received a gag order from some Central Cancer Command and did little more than mumble about the experience. Not one to shut up for any known reason, I started this blog…That was four years ago – as time passed, people searching for answers stumbled across my blog and checked out what I had to say. The following entry appeared in February of 2015…

We got news a few days ago that a friend of mine with skin may have had a site that it had metastasized to.

With a swelling knee, he went to the doctor. Fearfully, he reported that the clinic was afraid that his cancer had spread. He underwent a full day of blood tests, ultrasounds, and had fluid withdrawn from the area as well.

While the upshot is that his skin cancer HAD NOT SPREAD (hallelujah!), it got me to wondering.

I did a series of articles on metastatic breast cancer a few years ago – two of them are the most read on the blog. My own recent brush with skin cancer has made me very aware of the possibility of my own cancer spreading.

So I did some reading. The type of skin cancer that I had has a microscopically small chance of metastasizing. My friends type does in fact spread.

How EXACTLY does breast cancer, skin cancer, and other kinds of cancer spread? “By
metastasizing, dummy!”

“Yeah, yeah, yeah,” I would reply. (I’d also make a smart aleck remark about the Beatles.) “But HOW does it spread? How do cancer cells get from the skin to the knee or from the breast to the bones? Do they just pack up their little twisted chromosomes, wave to their family of twisted cells, and head on our into the Wide World of the body they’ve coopted for their evil intent?”

So, I did my research, starting (and I ONLY start here, I use the primary sources shortly afterward!) with Wikipedia.

Wiki defines metastasis as “the spread of a cancer or disease from one organ or part to another not directly connected with it.”

Hmmm…while that’s simple to understand, it doesn’t bring me any closer to WHAT happens. I don’t understand! Turns out, neither does the medical community, exactly: “Metastasis is a complex series of steps in which cancer cells leave the original tumor site and migrate to other parts of the body via the bloodstream, the lymphatic system, or by direct extension.

When DOCTORS say the steps to metastatic cancers spreading, it often means that they don’t know exactly what’s happening. Great – that should be the next Great Discovery, “How To Stop The Spread Of Cancer Cells”…

So, here goes.

“Cancer occurs after a one single cell in a tissue is progressively genetically damaged to produce cells with uncontrolled proliferation.” The question I have is WHAT is it that does the genetic damage? With over a hundred different cancers, the list is probably just as long. There ARE things we know of that can damage cells on a genetic level – the ultraviolet rays of sunlight can damage cell genes, switching on the cell to grow uncontrollably. This, naturally, leads to skin cancer.

The chemicals in cigarette smoke (which contains 7000 (!!!) DIFFERENT substances) are mostly harmless. But of those several thousand, seventy are known to damage the genetic components of cells – plus the RADIATION that tobacco plants pick up and concentrate in their leaves. The obvious end result here is lung cancer.

Other chemicals in the environment, as well as carrying a family history of different kinds of cancer also damage cells and create the “runaway effect” that characterizes ANY cancer.

So WHAT happens then?

Cells grow out of control resulting in a tumor. In the case of my own skin cancer, simple removal of the offending (or affected) area stops the cancer. Monitoring over the rest of my life will be a part of every checkup from now until the day I die. In my wife’s case, chemicals specifically targeted to annihilate breast cancer cells were introduced to her body after the source of the cancer cells – breast tissue – was surgically removed in a double mastectomy. She is now cancer-free, as is the wife of a good friend of mine and one of my colleague teachers. Again, monitoring over the rest of my wife’s life will be a part of every checkup and physical.

The effort to first destroy the SOURCE of the cancer and then destroy those cells wherever they may have “landed” using chemicals, radiation, and physical excision of tissue is doctors stop the spread of cancer.

Next time around, I’ll be delving deeper into this whole concept of METASTASIS...


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